Wat heeft Taler met Bitcoin of de Blockchain te maken?

Taler does not require any Blockchain technology, and is also not based on proof-of-work or any other distributed consensus mechanism. Instead, Taler is based on blind signatures. However, it is theoretically possible to combine Taler with peer-to-peer crypto-currencies like Bitcoin.

It would be possible, however, to withdraw coins denominated in Bitcoin into a Taler wallet (with an appropriate exchange), which would give some benefits over plain Bitcoin, such as instant confirmation times.

Waar is het saldo in mijn portemonnee opgeslagen?

Your wallet stores digital cash and thus ultimately your computer holds your balance. The Taler Exchange keeps funds matching all unspent digital cash in a settlement account.

Wat als mijn portemonnee kwijt is?

Since Taler's digital cash in your wallet is anonymized, the exchange cannot assist you in recovering a lost or stolen wallet. Just like with a physical wallet for cash, you are responsible for keeping it safe.

Het risico op verlies van een portemonnee kan worden beperkt door back-ups te maken of het saldo redelijk laag te houden.

Wat als mijn computer wordt gehackt?

In case of a compromise of one of your devices, an attacker can spend digital cash from your wallet. Checking your balance might reveal to you whether your device has eventually been compromised. If a coin has been spent, this coin cannot be spent a second time. The Exchange examines every coin whether it has been spent and thus makes double spending impossible.

Hoe installeer ik een Taler-portemonnee in mijn browser?

Ga naar de portemonnee-installatiepagina voor browser-extensies en selecteer de Taler-portemonee die overeenkomt met uw browsertype.

Hoe installeer ik een Taler-portemonnee op mijn telefoon?

Ga naar een app-store die overeenkomt met je smartphone en selecteer de Taler-app. Op onze portemonee-installatiepagina vindt u links naar verschillende app-stores.

Kan ik geld sturen naar mijn vrienden met Taler?

Taler supports push and pull payments between wallets (also known as peer-to-peer payments). While the payment appears to be directly between wallets, technically the operation is intermediated by the payment service provider which will typically be legally required to identify the recipient of the funds before allowing the transaction to complete.

Hoe gaat Taler om met betalingen in verschillende munteenheden?

Taler-portemonnees kunnen digitale munten opslaan die overeenkomen met meerdere verschillende munteenheden, zoals de euro, Amerikaanse dollars of bitcoins.

Taler biedt momenteel geen omzetting van munteenheden aan.

Hoe beschermt Taler mijn privacy?

Your wallet stores digital coins that are blindly signed by an exchange. The use of a blind signature protects your privacy as it prevents the exchange from knowing which coin it signed for which customer.

Hoeveel kost het?

The Taler protocol allows any exchange to set its own fee structure, allowing operators to set fees for withdrawing, depositing, refreshing or refunding coins. Operators can also charge fees for closing reserves and for (aggregated) wire transfers to merchants. Merchants may choose to cover some of the fees customers incur. Actual transaction costs are estimated around 0.001 cent/transaction (at high transaction rates, amortized over billions of transactions, excluding migration costs). Note that this is an early estimate, details may depend on hosting and backup requirements from the regulator and could thus easily be 10x higher.

Werkt Taler met internationale betalingen?

Taler's wallet supports multiple currencies, but the system currently does not support conversion between currencies. However, in principle an entity that accepts deposits in one currency and allows withdrawals in another currency could be created. Still, the regulatory hurdles in this case tend to be particularly complex. The focus for Taler is on day-to-day payments, so we have no plans to support currency conversion in the near future.

Hoe verhoudt Taler zich tot de (Europese) Richtlijn Elektronisch Geld?

We believe the European Electronic Money Directive provides part of the regulatory framework a Taler exchange with coins denominated in Euros would have to follow.

Welke bank zou de omzetting tussen Taler-munten en bankgeld op reguliere bankrekeningen garanderen?

The exchange would be operated by a bank or in cooperation with a bank, and that bank would hold the funds in escrow respectively on an internal settlement account. Note that this bank could be a regular bank or a central bank for a central bank digital currency. Irrespective of this, the bank would fall under the relevant financial services regulations, which is one reason why consumers can rely on the conversion of Taler coins into normal bank money.

To whom would consumers complain to in case of non-conversion or non-compliance?

From a technical point of view, any exchange is audited by one or more independent auditors. Merchants and consumer wallets will report certain issues automatically to the auditors, but auditors may also provide a method for manual submission of issues. The auditors are expected to make their reports available to the respective regulatory authorities, or even the general public.

From a legal point of view, users can always turn to their national authority responsible for settling disputes concerning the management of exchange services. For exchange services conducting business in Germany, this would be the general authority in charge of disputes (Universalschlichtungsstelle des Bundes). In addition to this, the European Online Dispute Resolution (see ODR) as a platform provided by the European Commission can be called for the settlement of disputes concerning exchange services headquartered in member states of the European Union.

Zijn er al projecten die Taler gebruiken?

We are aware of several businesses running exploratory projects or having developed working prototypes. We are also in discussions with several regular banks as well as several central banks about the project. That said, there are currently no products in the market yet, and we believe this would be premature given the state of the project (see also our bugtracker for a list of open issues).

Ondersteunt Taler terugkerende betalingen?

Today, our wallet implementation does not support recurring payments. Recurring payments, where some fixed amount is paid on a regular basis are in theory possible with Taler, but they come with a few caveats. Specifically, recurring payments can only work if the Taler wallet is running and online around the desired time. Furthermore, given their repetitive nature they are linkable, and could thus be used to deanonymize the user making the recurring payment, for example by forcing the user offline at the time of the payment and observing that it does then not happen on time. Finally, the Taler wallet does not work with credit and thus the user would have to make sure to carry a sufficient balance for the recurring payment to be made. Still, they can be useful, and a future version of the Taler wallet will likely support them. But this is not a feature that we are targeting for Taler 1.0. at this time.

Hoe werken overschrijvingskosten?

A wire fee is charged by Taler operators on outgoing wire transfers when Taler is used to wire funds into a bank account. Merchants are encouraged to allow Taler to delay and then aggregate many small payments into a single collective wire transfer to minimize wire transfer fees. For example, by configuring a wire deadline of one week, all payments within a week could be aggregated into a single wire transfer, and thus the wire transfer fee would only be charged once per week. The fee is simply subtracted from the total amount wired.

Hoe werken stortingskosten?

Withdrawing 5 CHF creates electronic coins with denominations of 0.04 CHF, 0.16 CHF, 0.32 CHF, 0.64 CHF, 1.28 CHF, and 2.56 CHF. Paying 3.23 CHF might then use the 0.04 CHF, 0.64 CHF and 2.56 CHF coins, resulting in a total of 3.24 CHF with 0.01 CHF returned as change.

Deposit fees charged by Taler payment providers depend on the electronic coins used in the transaction. For example, the deposit fee could be higher for a $1.28 CHF coin than for a a $0.01 CHF coin. Your wallet will automatically try to select coins that minimize the fees you have to pay. Merchants can offer to pay deposit fees up to a specified limit; customers have to pay deposit fees that exceed what the merchant is willing to cover. Taler wallets inform customers about applicable deposit fees they have to pay before every transaction.

Hoe werken bounce-kosten?

A bounce fee is charged by Taler operators to wire transfers that return funds to customers when either the Taler wallet did not withdraw the amount after 4 weeks, or immediately if a wire transfer subject was used that is missing the required code to associate a wallet with the wire transfer. The fee is deducted from the amount transferred back to the original account.

To avoid paying bounce fees payers should be careful when entering the wire transfer subject, and ensure that their wallet is online within a month of initiating the withdrawal.

Hoe voorkom je het verlopen van digitaal contant geld?

Taler e-money is issued with a validity period. One month before the expiration date, your wallet should automatically exchange any digital cash that is about to expire for new digital cash with an extended validity period. However, if your wallet is offline for an extended period of time, it may be unable to do so. Ensure your wallet is regularly online to avoid losing money due to expiration!

To whom would consumers complain to in case of non-conversion or non-compliance?

In case that customers or merchants have reason to complain about the Taler payment system, Taler Operations AG will be their first point of contact. We are always grateful for your suggestions for improvement and for error messages. The best way to file these is done via our bug tracker. The ticket system makes it possible to submit reports anonymously.

Taler Operations AG is a member at VQF, a Swiss association for the quality assurance of financial services (Verein zur Qualitätssicherung von Finanzdienstleistungen, General-Guisan-Str. 6, 6300 Zug, phone +41 41 763 28 20) where users could also turn to in case of complaints.